Tonight with your 13 to 17 year old
The prompt
“What kind of person do you hope to be known as someday?”
What to listen for
Listen for whether they describe a trait (kind, funny, reliable) or an achievement (successful, famous, rich), traits usually reflect their values, while achievements might reflect what they think will earn them approval or security.
If they answer with real thought, that's a sign they're already building an internal compass for who they want to be, not just what they want to have.
If they laugh it off or say "I don't know, cool I guess," that's fine, you can follow up lightly with "what would that look like day to day" to make it less abstract.
What this tells you
This shows you the kind of character and reputation they're quietly aspiring toward, which is a strong clue to their deeper values.